Suchergebnisse

Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0. ; [ES]: Las referencias bibliográficas contenidas en los documentos de patente son una fuente de información sobre el acceso al conocimiento público con que se justifica o ataca la novedad de la invención. En vez de la distinción habitual entre referencias por tipo de literatura citada, se aborda otra más original, por tipo de institución citada, y se pone el acento en las universidades. El acceso al conocimiento público universitario en España comparte tendencias europeas: está altamente internacionalizado y se accede sobre todo a universidades estadounidenses. Presenta algunas idiosincrasias, como el acceso relativamente infrecuente al Instituto Tecnológico de Massachussets; y la elevada frecuencia de citas a universidades holandesas e israelíes. Además, se accede a universidades de la propia región mucho más que en otros estados miembros (sobre todo en comunidades distintas de Madrid). Respecto al acceso de otros países de la UE27, Alemania cita relativamente poco a las universidades españolas y la única citada por encima de la media europea es la Autónoma de Madrid. Se ofrece a los gestores de política algunas recomendaciones para influir sobre alguna de estas características de acuerdo con ciertos criterios de deseabilidad. ; [EN]: References in patent documents are information sources about access to public knowledge, on which the invention's novelty, or lack thereof, can be justified. Usually references are broken down by type of cited literature, but we do it in a more original way: by type of cited institution. We focus on universities and compare Spain with the European Union 27 at national, regional and institutional levels. Access to public knowledge in Spain is similar to the overall European trends: highly internationalised with American universities being the most accessed. But Spain presents some idiosyncrasies: infrequent access to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and frequent access to Dutch and Israeli universities. Also access to universities from the same region occurs more often than in other Member States (especially in regions other than Madrid). In reference to the situation in other EU members, access to Spanish universities from Germany is relatively low and the only university with citations above the European average is the Autonomous University of Madrid. We offer policymakers some recommendations for modifying these characteristics according to certain desirability criteria. ; La investigación se ha financiado con fondos del proyecto 2091 de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. ; Peer reviewed

Ingenio Working Paper Series ; [ES]: Las referencias bibliográficas contenidas en los documentos de patente son una fuente de información sobre el acceso al conocimiento público con que se justifica o ataca la novedad de la invención. En vez de la distinción habitual entre referencias por tipo de literatura citada, se aborda otra más original, por tipo de institución citada, y se pone el acento en las universidades. El acceso al conocimiento público universitario en España comparte tendencias europeas: está altamente internacionalizado y se accede sobre todo a universidades estadounidenses. Presenta algunas idiosincrasias, como el acceso relativamente infrecuente al Instituto Tecnológico de Massachussets; y la elevada frecuencia de citas a universidades holandesas e israelíes. Además, se accede a universidades de la propia región mucho más que en otros estados miembros (sobre todo en comunidades distintas de Madrid). Respecto al acceso de otros países de la UE27, Alemania cita relativamente poco a las universidades españolas y la única citada por encima de la media europea es la Autónoma de Madrid. Se ofrece a los gestores de política algunas recomendaciones para influir sobre alguna de estas características de acuerdo con ciertos criterios de deseabilidad. ; [EN]: References in patent documents are sources of information about access to public knowledge to claim novelty or lack of novelty in the invention. The usual distinction breaks references down by type of cited literature but we do it by type of cited institution –more original. We focus on universities and compare Spain with the European Union 27 at national, regional and institutional levels. Spanish and European university public knowledge is similar: it is highly internationalised and American universities are the most accessed. Spain presents some idiosyncrasies: sporadic access to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, frequent to Dutch and Israeli universities. Access to universities from the same region occurs more often than in other Member States (due mainly to regions other than Madrid). Access to Spanish universities is relatively low from Germany, and the only one cited above the European average is the Autonomous University of Madrid. We give policymakers some recommendations to modify these characteristics according to some desirability criteria. ; La investigación se ha financiado con fondos del proyecto 2091 de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. ; Peer reviewed

Trabajo presentado al 3rd Annual Conference of the EPIP Association, the 2nd COMMUNIA Conference and the 2012 European Seminar EuroLIO. ; This paper focuses on the question of whether the national production functions of patents owned by universities and public research organisations (PROs) differ. We use Eurostat patent and R&D data broken down by institutional sector for the European Union 27 and other countries in years 1982–2007, and we estimate dynamic panel models. The impact of R&D expenditure on patent ownership is higher for PROs than for universities. University patent ownership activity is dependent on business funding, while PRO patent ownership is not. We recommend a reversal of the current decline of PRO R&D expenditure and discuss whether PROs perform better at macroeconomic level vis a vis universities. ; This research started within the framework of ERAWATCH, a joint initiative of the European Commission's Directorate General for Research and the Joint Research Centre-Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS). ; Peer Reviewed

Technology ownership and knowledge transfer aim at the dissemination of public research results, usually in one direction - from the university or public research organisation (PRO) that produced the results. However, the complementarities between these types of instruments are not clear compared to the bidirectional channels of knowledge exchange. We analyse one PRO in Spain, a country that is peculiar in terms of infrequent changes to the legislation on science and patents and a predominance of PRO-owned over PRO-invented patents, similar to the situation in the USA but different from that in most EU member states. Against this background, knowledge transfer (measured through PROinvented patents) increases faster than technology ownership (measured through PRO-owned patents). This situation may be damaging to knowledge exchange (measured through PRO co-owned patents). © Beech Tree Publishing 2011. ; Peer Reviewed

Trabajo presentado a la BETA Conference on "The economic analysis of knowledge production in academia" celebrada en Strasbourg (Francia) el 2 de Julio de 2010. ; Technology ownership and knowledge transfer aim at the dissemination of public research results usually in one direction – from the university or public research organisation (PRO) that produced the results. However, the complementarities between these types of instruments are not clear compared to the bidirectional channels of knowledge exchange. We analyse one PRO in Spain, a country that is peculiar in terms of infrequent changes to the legislations on science and patents and a predominance of PRO-owned over PRO-invented patents, similar to the situation in the USA but different from that in most EU member states. Against this background, knowledge transfer (measured through PRO-invented patents) increases faster than technology ownership (measured through PRO-owned patents). This situation may be damaging to knowledge exchange (measured through PRO co-owned patents). ; Peer reviewed

The main objective of ERAWATCH analytical country reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries. The reports support the mutual learning process and the monitoring of Member State.

References in patent documents are information sources about access to public knowledge, on which the invention's novelty, or lack thereof, can be justified. Usually references are broken down by type of cited literature, but we do it in a more original way: by type of cited institution. We focus on universities and compare Spain with the European Union 27 at national, regional and institutional levels. Access to public knowledge in Spain is similar to the overall European trends: highly internationalised with American universities being the most accessed. But Spain presents some idiosyncrasies: infrequent access to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and frequent access to Dutch and Israeli universities. Also access to universities from the same region occurs more often than in other Member States (especially in regions other than Madrid). In reference to the situation in other EU members, access to Spanish universities from Germany is relatively low and the only university with citations above the European average is the Autonomous University of Madrid. We offer policymakers some recommendations for modifying these characteristics according to certain desirability criteria. ; Las referencias bibliográficas contenidas en los documentos de patente son una fuente de información sobre el acceso al conocimiento público con que se justifica o ataca la novedad de la invención. En vez de la distinción habitual entre referencias por tipo de literatura citada, se aborda otra más original, por tipo de institución citada, y se pone el acento en las universidades. El acceso al conocimiento público universitario en España comparte tendencias europeas: está altamente internacionalizado y se accede sobre todo a universidades estadounidenses. Presenta algunas idiosincrasias, como el acceso relativamente infrecuente al Instituto Tecnológico de Massachussets; y la elevada frecuencia de citas a universidades holandesas e israelíes. Además, se accede a universidades de la propia región mucho más que en otros estados miembros ...

[EN] References in patent documents are information sources about access to public knowledge, on which the invention's novelty, or lack thereof, can be justified. Usually references are broken down by type of cited literature, but we do it in a more original way: by type of cited institution. We focus on universities and compare Spain with the European Union 27 at national, regional and institutional levels. Access to public knowledge in Spain is similar to the overall European trends: highly internationalised with American universities being the most accessed. But Spain presents some idiosyncrasies: infrequent access to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and frequent access to Dutch and Israeli universities. Also access to universities from the same region occurs more often than in other Member States (especially in regions other than Madrid). In reference to the situation in other EU members, access to Spanish universities from Germany is relatively low and the only university with citations above the European average is the Autonomous University of Madrid. We offer policymakers some recommendations for modifying these characteristics according to certain desirability criteria. ; [ES] Las referencias bibliográficas contenidas en los documentos de patente son una fuente de información sobre el acceso al conocimiento público con que se justifica o ataca la novedad de la invención. En vez de la distinción habitual entre referencias por tipo de literatura citada, se aborda otra más original, por tipo de institución citada, y se pone el acento en las universidades. El acceso al conocimiento público universitario en España comparte tendencias europeas: está altamente internacionalizado y se accede sobre todo a universidades estadounidenses. Presenta algunas idiosincrasias, como el acceso relativamente infrecuente al Instituto Tecnológico de Massachussets; y la elevada frecuencia de citas a universidades holandesas e israelíes. Además, se accede a universidades de la propia región mucho más que en otros ...

[EN] This paper focuses on the question of whether the national production functions of patents owned by universities and public research organisations (PROs) differ. We use Eurostat patent and R&D data broken down by institutional sector for the European Union 27 and other countries in years 1982-2007, and we estimate dynamic panel models. The impact of R&D expenditure on patent ownership is higher for PROs than for universities. University patent ownership activity is dependent on business funding, while PRO patent ownership is not. We recommend a reversal of the current decline of PRO R&D expenditure and discuss whether PROs perform better at macroeconomic level vis a vis universities. ; Azagra Caro, JM. (2014). Determinants of national patent ownership by public research organisations and universities. Journal of Technology Transfer. 39(6):898-914. doi:10.1007/s10961-013-9322-y ; S ; 898 ; 914 ; 39 ; 6 ; Acosta, D., Coronado, D., León, M. D., & Martínez, M. (2008). Production of university technological knowledge in European regions: Evidence from patent data. Regional Studies, 43(9), 1167–1181. ; Acosta, D., Coronado, D., & Martínez, M. (2012). Spatial differences in the quality of university patenting: Do regions matter? Research Policy, 41(9), 692–703. ; Ankrah, S. N., Burgess, T. F., Grimshaw, P., & Shaw, N. E. (2013). Asking both university and industry actors about their engagement in knowledge transfer: What single-group studies of motives omit. Technovation, 33, 50–65. ; Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58, 277–297. ; Arvanitis, S., Kubli, U., & Woerter, M. (2008). University-industry knowledge and technology transfer in Switzerland: What university scientists think about co-operation with private enterprises. Research Policy, 37, 1865–1883. ; Azagra Caro, J. M., Fernández de Lucio, I., & Gutiérrez Gracia, A. (2003). University ...

[EN] Technology ownership and knowledge transfer aim at the dissemination of public research results, usually in one direction – from the university or public research organisation (PRO) that produced the results. However, the complementarities between these types of instruments are not clear compared to the bidirectional channels of knowledge exchange. We analyse one PRO in Spain, a country that is peculiar in terms of infrequent changes to the legislation on science and patents and a predominance of PRO-owned over PRO-invented patents, similar to the situation in the USA but different from that in most EU member states. Against this background, knowledge transfer (measured through PROinvented patents) increases faster than technology ownership (measured through PRO-owned patents). This situation may be damaging to knowledge exchange (measured through PRO co-owned patents). ; Azagra-Caro, JM. (2011). Do public research organisations own most patents invented by their staff?. Science and Public Policy. 38(3):237-250. doi:10.3152/016502611X12849792159272 ; S ; 237 ; 250 ; 38 ; 3

This paper analyses country-specific determinants of knowledge flows with a view to uncover the role of cross-organizational interactions. Using a sample of some 600,000 patents from the EU27 member states in the period 1990–2007, we take backward citations as dependent variable and find that technological sophistication and research size have a positive effect on knowledge flows. While a national bias towards applied research and development has a negative impact, individual public–private cooperation has a moderating effect due to the generation of scientific knowledge by public institutions. The present study contributes to the debate concerning the direction of R&D investments and provides empirical support to policies aimed at the enhancement of public–private cooperation. ; The research was carried out with funding from project GV/2012/018 of the Valencian Regional Government ; Peer reviewed

Trabajo presentado al 2013 Eu-SPRI Forum Conference, the 2013 ISSI Conference and the 2013 IPTS Workshop on 'Harnessing the Powers of Patent Data'. ; This paper analyses country-specific determinants of knowledge flows with a view to uncover the role of cross-organizational interactions. Using a sample of some 600,000 patents from the EU27 member states in the period 1990–2007, we take backward citations as dependent variable and find that technological sophistication and research size have a positive effect on knowledge flows. While a national bias towards applied research and development has a negative impact, individual public–private cooperation has a moderating effect due to the generation of scientific knowledge by public institutions. The present study contributes to the debate concerning the direction of R&D investments and provides empirical support to policies aimed at the enhancement of public–private cooperation. ; The research was carried out with funding from project GV/2012/018 of the Valencian Regional Government. ; Peer reviewed